The ASTM A240 standard, developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials, specifies the requirements for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips. These materials are commonly used in pressure vessels and general-purpose applications.
This standard includes a wide range of stainless steel grades, detailing their chemical composition and mechanical properties for use in plate, sheet, or strip form. Key applications of these stainless steels include architecture, construction, building design, and aesthetic purposes.
ASTM A240 also outlines important guidelines for sampling methods and certification processes, ensuring quality and compliance across applications.
ASTM A240 Specification for Stainless Steel Plates, Sheets and Strips used as parent material for manufacturing Flat Washers.
The ASTM A240 specification sets standards for stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips used in pressure vessels and general-purpose applications, including flat washer production. It defines the chemical composition and mechanical properties of various stainless steel grades, including ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, super duplex, and high-molybdenum alloys.
At Solitaire Overseas, stainless steel sheets and plates adhering to ASTM A240 are regularly used for manufacturing sheet metal washers for bolting assemblies. Common grades include 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 347, 309, 310, 316Ti, 317L, XM-19, 904L, 409, 410, 430, Duplex S31803, S32205, Super Duplex S32750, S32760, S32550, High Moly UNS S31254, and Alloy 20. These materials are chosen for their durability and performance in demanding applications.
ASTM A240 Grades
| Type | Raw Material |
|---|---|
| 304 | 18-8 Chromium Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steel |
| 316L | Low Carbon, Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Austenitic Stainless Steel |
| 321 | Titanium Stabalized 18-8 Chromium Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steel |
| 410 | 12% Straight Chromium Martensitic Stainless Steel |
| 904L | High Nickel Molybdenum Super Austenitic Stainless Steel |
| UNS S31803 | Ferritic / Austenitic Duplex Stainless Steel |
| UNS S32750 | Ferritic / Austenitic Super Duplex Stainless Steel |
| UNS S31254 | High Moly Austenitic Stainless Steel |
Chemical Composition of ASTM A240
| Element | 304 | 316 | 321 | 410 | 904L | S31803 | S32750 | S31254 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 – 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Manganese, max | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.20 | 1.00 |
| Phosphorus, max | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.040 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.035 | 0.030 |
| Sulfur, max | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.010 |
| Silicon | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| Chromium | 17.50 – 19.50 | 16.00 – 18.00 | 17.00 – 19.00 | 11.50 – 13.50 | 19.00 – 23.00 | 21.00 – 23.00 | 24.00 – 26.00 | 19.50 – 20.50 |
| Nickel | 8.00 – 10.50 | 10.00 – 14.00 | 9.00 – 12.00 | 0.75 | 23.00 – 28.00 | 4.50 – 6.50 | 6.00 – 8.00 | 17.50 – 18.50 |
| Molybdenum | … | 2.00 – 3.00 | … | … | 4.00 – 5.00 | 2.50 – 3.50 | 3.00 – 5.00 | 6.00 – 6.50 |
| Nitrogen | 0.10 max | 0.10 max | 0.10 max | … | 0.10 max | 0.08 – 0.20 | 0.24 – 0.32 | 0.18 – 0.25 |
| Copper, max | … | … | … | … | 1.00 – 2.00 | … | 0.50 | 0.50 – 1.00 |
| Titanium | … | … | 5 x (C+N) – 0.70 | … | … | … | … | … |
ASTM A240 Mechanical Properties
| Type | Tensile Strength, ksi, min |
Yield Strength, ksi, min |
Elongation, % min |
Hardness, maxA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | 75 | 30 | 40 | 201 HBW or 92 HRB |
| 316 | 75 | 30 | 40 | 217 HBW or 95 HRB |
| 321 | 75 | 30 | 40 | 217 HBW or 95 HRB |
| 410 | 65 | 30 | 20 | 217 HBW or 96 HRB |
| 904L | 71 | 31 | 35 | 95 HRB |
| UNS S31803 | 90 | 65 | 25 | 293 HBW or 31 HRC |
| UNS S32750 | 116 | 80 | 15 | 310 HBW or 32 HRC |
| UNS S31254 | 100 | 45 | 35 | 223 HBW or 96 HRB |
ASTM A240 Equivalent Indian Standard
| sa 240 gr | JIS G4304 | ASTM | UNS | KS | EN 10095 | AS | CNS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sa 240 gr 201 | SUS201 | 201 | S20100 | STS201 | 1.4372 | 201-2 | 201 |
| sa 240 gr 202 | SUS202 | 202 | S20200 | STS202 | 1.4373 | – | 202 |
| sa 240 gr 301 | SUS301 | 301 | S30100 | STS301 | 1.4319 | 301 | 301 |
| sa 240 gr 304 | SUS304 | 304 | S30400 | STS304 | 1.4301 | 304 | 304 |
| sa 240 gr 304L | SUS304L | 304L | S30403 | STS304L | 1.4306 | 304L | 304L |
| sa 240 gr 304N | SUS304N1 | 304N | S30451 | STS304N1 | 1.4315 | 304N1 | 304N1 |
| sa 240 gr XM21 | SUS304N2 | XM21 | S30452 | STS304N2 | – | 304N2 | 304N2 |
| sa 240 gr 304LN | SUS304LN | 304LN | S30453 | STS304LN | – | 304LN | 304LN |
| sa 240 gr 305 | SUS305 | 305 | S30500 | STS305 | 1.4303 | 305 | 305 |
| sa 240 gr 309S | SUS309S | 309S | S30908 | STS309S | 1.4833 | 309S | 309S |
| sa 240 gr 310S | SUS310S | 310S | S31008 | STS310S | 1.4845 | 310S | 310S |
| sa 240 gr 316 | SUS316 | 316 | S31600 | STS316 | 1.4401 | 316 | 316 |
| sa 240 gr 316Ti | SUS316Ti | 316Ti | S31635 | – | 1.4571 | 316Ti | 316Ti |
| sa 240 gr 316L | SUS316L | 316L | S31603 | STS316L | 1.4404 | 316L | 316L |
| sa 240 gr 316N | SUS316N | 316N | S31651 | STS316N | – | 316N | 316N |
| sa 240 gr 316LN | SUS316LN | 316LN | S31653 | STS316LN | 1.4429 | 316LN | 316LN |
| – | SUS316J1 | – | – | STS316J1 | – | 316J1 | 316J1 |
| – | SUS316J1L | – | – | STS316J1L | – | – | 316J1L |
| sa 240 gr 317 | SUS317 | 317 | S31700 | STS317 | – | 317 | 317 |
| sa 240 gr 317L | SUS317L | 317L | S31703 | STS317L | 1.4438 | 317L | 317L |
| sa 240 gr 321 | SUS321 | 321 | S32100 | STS321 | 1.4541 | 321 | 321 |
| sa 240 gr 347 | SUS347 | 347 | S34700 | STS347 | 1.455 | 347 | 347 |
| sa 240 gr 329 | SUS329J1 | 329 | S32900 | STS329J1 | 1.4477 | 329J1 | 329J1 |
| – | SUS329J3L | – | S31803 | STS329J3L | 1.4462 | 329J3L | 329J3L |
| sa 240 gr 405 | SUS405 | 405 | S40500 | STS405 | 1.4002 | 405 | 405 |
| sa 240 gr 409 | SUH409 | 409 | S40900 | STS409 | 1.4512 | 409L | 409L |
| – | SUS410L | – | – | STS410L | – | 410L | 410L |
| sa 240 gr 430 | SUS430 | 430 | S43000 | STS430 | 1.4016 | 430 | 430 |
| sa 240 gr 434 | SUS434 | 434 | S43400 | STS434 | 1.4113 | 434 | 434 |
| – | – | – | S43940 | – | 1.4509 | 439 | 439 |
| sa 240 gr 444 | SUS444 | 444 | S44400 | STS444 | 1.4521 | 444 | 444 |
| sa 240 gr 403 | SUS403 | 403 | S40300 | STS403 | – | 403 | 403 |
| sa 240 gr 410 | SUS410 | 410 | S41000 | STS410 | 1.4006 | 410 | 410 |
| sa 240 gr 420 | SUS420J1 | 420 | S42000 | STS420J1 | 1.4021 | 420 | 420J1 |
| – | SUS420J2 | – | – | STS420J2 | 1.4028 | 420J2 | 420J2 |
| sa 240 gr 440A | SUS440A | 440A | S44002 | STS440A | – | 440A | 440A |
ASTM A240 Applications
ASTM A240 stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips are highly versatile and widely used across various industries. Some common applications include:
- Pressure Vessels: Known for its strength and corrosion resistance, ASTM A240 stainless steel is used in pressure vessel fabrication.
- Chemical Processing: Ideal for environments dealing with corrosive chemicals and high temperatures, this material ensures durability.
- Food Processing: Its hygienic properties and resistance to corrosion make it perfect for food-related equipment like storage tanks and countertops.
- Construction and Architecture: Often used in building facades, handrails, and decorative elements, this steel adds both functionality and aesthetic appeal.
- Automotive Industry: Used in exhaust systems, trim, and other components, offering both strength and resistance to corrosion.
- Medical Equipment: ASTM A240 stainless steel is favored for surgical instruments and medical devices due to its biocompatibility and ability to withstand sterilization.
- Petrochemical Industry: It is extensively used for storage tanks, pipelines, and equipment, providing resistance to both corrosion and high temperatures.
- Energy and Power Generation: Common in applications like nuclear plants and heat exchangers due to its high temperature and pressure resistance.
These examples illustrate how ASTM A240 stainless steel is a reliable choice for various industries, offering durability and resistance in a wide range of environments.
Conclusion
ASTM A240 is a key specification for stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips, covering a wide range of grades and their chemical and mechanical properties. It ensures the material’s suitability for various demanding applications, including pressure vessels, chemical processing, food production, and more. Its corrosion resistance, strength, and versatility make ASTM A240 stainless steel a go-to choice across numerous industries, ensuring reliability and durability in critical applications.
FAQs
What is ASTM A240 material?
ASTM A240 is a specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips, commonly used in pressure vessels, with grades like 304 and 304L.
What is ASTM A240 equivalent to?
Equivalent materials to stainless steel grade A240 are EN 10088-2:2005 and EN 1.4509.
What is ASTM A240?
ASTM A240 is a standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips, used in pressure vessels, with grades like 304 and 304L.
